Georgia Pest Control Practice Test

What is the primary cause of pesticide breakdown in the soil?

1. Chemical reactions

2. Microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria

3. Soil acidity

4. Adsorption to soil particles

The correct answer is: Microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria

The primary cause of pesticide breakdown in the soil is due to microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. These microorganisms play a crucial role in the biodegradation process, which is vital for the ecological health of the soil. They decompose organic materials and assist in the transformation of pesticides into less harmful substances. This biological activity is influenced by various factors such as temperature, moisture, and the presence of organic matter, which can enhance microbial growth and activity. While chemical reactions do occur and can contribute to pesticide degradation, the biological processes carried out by microorganisms are typically the most significant in natural soil environments. Soil acidity and the adsorption of pesticides to soil particles are important factors affecting the behavior and persistence of pesticides in the soil, but they do not directly cause the breakdown. Adsorption can actually slow down the degradation process by making pesticides less available to microbes. Thus, microorganisms represent the fundamental drivers of pesticide breakdown in the soil ecosystem.